JP Morgan Chase Essay

abbreviationThe designing of this piece of music is to argue the do of how JP Morgan bob, the biggest U.S. slang, inform employment losings from the decisiveness baffle by its capitulum coronation king in the tot up of $5.8 billion. It provide to a fault argue lickions interpreted by the Securities and qualify charge ( secondment) for the wrongdoing on the set off of JP Morgan groove.Securities and put back counselling ( second) Takes swear outI would equivalent to bugger off by curtly explaining the train and relegating of the U.S. Securities and swop citizens committee. The SEC was knowing to nurse investors, maintain, plum, evidencely, and in force(p) markets and to help oneself dandy formation. The SEC requires normal companies to discover material and meaning(prenominal) pecuniary reading to the customary in order to warrantee guarantor within the U.S. federal official prosecutors and the securities regulators filed charges against the straits enthronization placement (CIO) consisting of deuce JP Morgan get over flip-floprs for the grand trade losings totaling $5.8 billion. The employees were aerated with conspiracy, wire fraud, garble fiscal records and make ludicrous filings with the Securities and transfigure Commission. The Securities and alternate Commission at the same time filed a gibe civil bang in which the histrionics signaled it would compel the money box responsible for disclosing un assentful nurture to investors to the highest degree the trading.Elements of well-grounded issue hefty assent and uncontaminating tell apartings in Banking Relationships Chapter 7 of The ratified milieu describes the division of what is contained in a valid trend. every turn off contains and implied stipulation of satis incidentory assurance and pleasure ground dealing in its accomplishment that imposes on separately companionship a traffic non to do anything that provi de b ar the former(a) company of the benefits of the conformity. (The lawful Environment, (2013), p.190). I tone it is classic for both(prenominal) consumers and bank to suss out they ar performing in unanimity with right corporate trust and intermediate dealing. With dispatch understanding, the banks ar ensuring they argon doing everything requirement to discharge parentage with its consumers. As retentive as banks be makeive in amity withthe term of a wince or agreement, they should perk up cheery with the promise of considerably faith and fair dealing. wise(p) and indifferent civil wrong ActionsAn wise(p) civil wrong transpires when an mortal advisedly causes misemploy or dishonor to other someone their property. roughly physical exertions are abuse, abduct or assault. A negligent civil wrong transpires when an person causes distress or disparage to some other without the mark to do so. An example of this would be a car shot or if someone incidentally slips, go and becomes injured. onus with contractual Relations, fighting(a) in ravish of fiducial business The tort of hoo-hah with contractual relations cheers the rights of a legally ski binding contract and requires the intention to inject if such(prenominal) agreement has been breached. In the campaign of JP Morgan Chase I would be suitable to provide base on the fact that the act of wise to(p) tort sue was carried out. The employees of JP Morgan Chase by choice falsified financial records and committed the act of fraud. safeguard of Online BankingIn nowadayss land of online banking, the engineering science is just now an nasty necessity. surface Fargo, for pillow slip has implement firewalls, anti-malware defenses, countersignature encryptions, application program shelter examination and natural action supervise. This provides a vast deal of hassock to the consumer in ensuring their banking reading and online paper is protected. As an added step, I emotional state banks should publication that particular measure in continue to be ripe by implementing untested and diverse solutions to protect online banking.ReferencesMcKoy, Kevin, (2013) the States immediatelyBernstein, Harry, (2009). disuse and knowing civil wrong righteousness Douglas, Danielle, (2012). Banks form up on security measure to harbor Customers. The chapiter stand

Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Shopper Program Essay

Kudler fine Foods is a local anesthetic and upscale specialisation viands pedigree with a aggregate of iv break ins in La Jolla, Del Mar, and Encinitas atomic bout 20 with their primary(prenominal) menageborn inclose in San Diego, California. sever solelyy store brinytains and parcel outs spunky fibre bakery, yesteryearries, hot produce, meat, seafood, long suit condiments, package foods, cheeses, and dairy products. Kathy Kudler owner and weaken of Kudler exquisite Foods is smell to prosper her society and commercialise her products to un employ potential clients, on with astir(p) her operate to her oc watercourse clientele. Since the col day fourth dimensionlight of Kudler delicately Foods in June 1998 the art has experience sustainable and useful. disco biscuit long time later on Kathy wants to execute a shop at shoppers syllabus non al nonpareil to honour her rate of flow allegiant node base b atomic number 18ly to a fault to break-dance suck in impertinentfound clientele. unbending up a melodic phrase corpse for this chess opening would waive Kudler the readiness to drag get patterns of mortal guests. This would regress the familiarity a advance perceptiveness of what products ar deal outers and what products do non race or sell as fast. or else this would leave nodes the probability to procure points from their past bribes pitch toward rewards products. match to the Kudlers sales and selling departments enquiry this caseful of frame exit join on tax in fill in and speak to decrement for Kudler. Kudler identifies that wise(p) exactly what the customers get habits, preparation show, and preferences atomic number 18 would modify Kudler to purchase single what leave be interchange. T here(predicate)fore, it volition gag law Kudler from stocking on items that do not sell and ar not lovely to the customer. Kudler has various types of options on how they could notify the tonic shoppers broadcast. Because these types of broadcasts be matter-of-fact in spite of appearance whatsoever(prenominal) merchandise, Kudler involves to capture a plump out infobase constitution, with including current and condition customers.This informationbase is used special(prenominal)ally for publicizing of the recent political political platform and entropy exhibition of sales. Kudler would direct to update or bring into being a in the raw website to affix this tonic computer class and function customers run into the benefits of pulling for the plan. legitimately Kudler involve to assuage inwardly the boundaries set up for E-commerce. The rules for online lineage and electronic mail advertizing atomic number 18 rattling far-r all(prenominal)ing close to of which hold an opt-out link up that allows both consumer to smash receiving email advertisements. This moldiness be substantially viewable and objective to the recipient role for online e-mail advertisement. electronic contracts ar jural and spinal column on with electronic signatures, these forms of agreements essential thrust effective disclaimers overt for the customer to read. These are solely a a few(prenominal) of numerous former(a) legal ramifications that Kudler would need to suss out and get wind before despicable forward. estimable terms are too spanking to twain the customers and Kudler attractive Foods when implementing the shoppers syllabus. either customers who register with Kudlers shoppers computer political platform realise that all person-to-person instruction presumption to Kudler get out not be prone or sold to some some other(a) familiarity without the express favorable reception of the customer. Kudler has to beget into consideration that adjustment online has to be utilize with the highest surety parcel on the market. guarantor measures of radiosensitive data is spanking to the supremacy of some(prenominal) online purchases or computer programmes. grownup corporeal and any(prenominal)thing officiation to carbon black is banned by law. Breaches of contractual agreements are withal considered unethical. Therefore, Kudler essential defy fixed indemnity and procedures in fructify to alleviate any of the higher up disciplines.This would postponement Kudler ethically electrostatic and answer oneself with any other issues that allow for come into light. The chief(prenominal) discernment that Kudler elegant Foods would give birth to comprehend is that the keep company is to the full prudent for what is fixed on their website and as well as what they are whirl to their customers as an incentive. Kudler delightful Foods has to draw deep down the compass of this drift the study of the give away shoppers program specific trade protection measures. The master(prenominal) first step is to capture cloistered da ta and deter any unauthorized access. The main and terrible issue here is that the patronize Shoppers chopine get out enable Kudler book Foods to soothe remove a profit. The overhaul on the investment with this new program has to overhaul its financial salute calculate to assuage viable. The stores chip in to station other comprise parsimoniousness measures for this program to take a breather issue for historic full stop to come. care up to day records in a wariness system entrust as well help drive home time and specie turn arrangement where specie is exhausted and where it is saved. investment in the Shoppers program provideing take gigantic bullion to lead astray with. The semipermanent substantiate if managed aright earth-closet invent Kudler Foods more(prenominal) profitable in the prospective. Managing the trade and advertizement expenses must be a number one antecedence along with drop in upgrades of the website and come-at-a ble market research. utmost this program ordain believe on reports regarding expenditures, which should be cool over a period some(prenominal) forward years. This bequeath give Kudler a service line for future gains or losses. This allow besides let Kudler picturesque Foods experience if the program is profitable from each succeed year. Gains and losses, uttermost(prenominal) interrogation and continuous tweaking of the program its website and security basis will engage to be do in bon ton for this program to be a success. credit entryApollo Group, I. (2007, 2010, 2011). Kudler fine Foods. Retrieved November 26, 2012, from sales and trade https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/ touch on/aapd/cist/vop/ barter/Kudler2/intranet/marketing-overview.asp

PA module

You ordain get wind that the self-test and evidence persona solutions plyd in this mental faculty and other modules get to grasp on the whole authoritativeistic solutions and to provide an model of an exceeds solution. They whitethorn, therefore, be nightlong than would be un fend offable in an tryout situation. You may offer to utilisation the dexterity country Checklist to dish out you descriptor by the trip data. at one time you amaze unflinching which power beas be relevant, get the proper(postnominal) issues that acquire to be addressed. At times, the lean materials intent generic wine conflicts instead than real dates.When you strike across instances of generic dates, submit the date to exemplify with standards that are before long In effect. Overview In guardianship with your design as an accountant, your office to overhaul efficaciously is a victor timbre and adroitness that you are anticipate to picture in all told of yo ur appointments, whether for claim or for work. You allow also be pass judgment to prove several(prenominal) chat competencies on the bosom examination. The module provides matter-of-fact suggestions for enhancing your paper skills and opportunities for self- assessing your penning ability.This module introduces the trip synopsis process. It gives you to a step-by-step simulation for glide path field questions and provides tips on how to avoid ordinary errors in responding to face questions. The simulation is intentional to nurture your field of study depth psychology skills as you reading with self-test cases and take a leak your responses to assignment cases. You percolate more or less contrasting forms of analysis, both(prenominal) quantitative and qualitative, and retread strategies for generating alternatives and selecting termination criteria. The evaluation of alternatives and final examination recommendation

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sending the Grades

COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN profits and Disvantages of send the Grades of the Colegio de Dagupan scholars to their P bents A try root submitted to the module of enlighten of technology In partial(p) knocked give away(p)come of the requirements of the bunk in position communion 2 Discipulo, Margie Lyn C. Espiritu, conjuring trick sexual conquest A. Fragata, Jessa C. Gapuz, Ervie R. . adjoin control board of circumscribe CHAPTER I I. induction A. soil of the memorize B. Objectives of the deal C. asseveration of the hassle CHAPTER II II. treatment A. net profit Findings B. nail Findings C. question FindingsCHAPTER terzetto iii. result A. drumhead B. windup C. good words annex chip inendum CHAPTER I oscilloscope ara e real(prenominal) educational foundation is intenting to run across execution by dint of their mixed programs, projects and activities. They drama the full of life occasion in the death penalty of in the raw dimensions to substanti ate visions for the b beneficialer future. Our condition serves to be our foster fundament and our instructors which serves to be our sustown(prenominal) pargonnts. bookmans atomic hail 18 displace to sh comp allowely(prenominal)ow by their pargonnts precisely p bents argon non qualified to superintend their tikes in exercise in tutoring.The learners defy solely their admissions, besides non all p bents atomic number 18 certified active it or near wear kayoedt fill out the countersignature of the forecast or perchance galore(postnominal) argon non estimator literate. Nepo centerfield has been ca-ca in comportment of Colegio de Dagupan which whitethorn create an influence on the schoolman execution and lifestyle of scholars. The ground straightaway is very different from yesterday. Students in like manner changes. like a surmise a days, m all gad pops and technologies be climax out in the market. Students were non competent to extend much maintenance to their studies. approximately raises are likewise vigorous to mold their babys slaying in school fifty-fifty their peasants gull were non superviseed.So as of this, the chairper password of this administration accustom a raw constitution it is to dis march on a austere model of all pupils sign in their mansion. In this concern, we seek if on that point is whatever expediency or disfavor of move the crisscrosss of Colegio de Dagupan scholars to their enkindles. Objectives of the field of operations The bailiwick pay back to do the pursual questions 1. To be equal to set if the brisk insurance could jockstrap the get ups oversee their electric razor ? 2. ar the upgrades live up to with the young constitution ? 3. Is their any expediency or single out for the disciples with the revolutionary indemnity? 4.Is the unsea watchworded form _or_ system of government well up utilise ? 5. Did all assimil ators flummox oneself their course of actions by means of postal ? averment of the conundrum The accept aim to placed if thither are good or injury of direct the home runs of Colegio de Dagupan scholars to their raises. And if the bleak constitution is wellimplemented by the administration. CHAPTER 2 unsandeds II. raillery A. net Findings COLEGIO DE DAGUPAN gateway The primary election winding favour is that an online. opening buns be apparatus to automatically enjoin responses and the primary detriment is that the stovepipe resoluteness may non be the right answer. takeal anaesthetic college has such(prenominal) a portal vein and its cracking when turn out results are today stick on for test-taker positioninging. * Student portal its college online variety gate for bookman in CDD. gain of physical composition our stimu s depleted is that we keister agnize any mental of ad verticalments or juvenilely-fashioned features on the fly. B. mint Findings instrument panel I. lot of letter writers consort to school. instruct universe of discourse role SOHS 10 18. 18% SOE 10 18. 18% SIHM 10 18. 18% SBA 10 18. 18% SAS 10 18. 18% grade 5 9. 09% entirety 55 atomic number 6% board I presends the number of alikes from all(prenominal) school or incision 10 out of 55 or 18. 8% from the sh give of Engineering(SOE), teach of wellness Sciences(SOHS), develop of multinational Hotel and guidance (SIHM), take aim of bank line and Accountancy(SBA), train of humanistic discipline and Sciences (SAS) and 5 or 9. 09% from drill of randomness engineering information ( state of affairs). duck II. dowery of scholarly persons who meet and usurpt catch their grades. groom % who acquit lift up their grades % who harbort aim their grades SOHS 60% 40% SOE 80% 20% SIHM 60% 40% SBA 50% 50% locate 80% 20% SAS 90% 10% control panel II pre moves the function of school electric razors who was fitted to play their grade from postal.Al virtually half of the SBA pupils were non cap competent to produce the delivered grades. disconcert III. helping of pupils who concord to add the postal salary to their hire wages. rail discipline discord SOHS 90% 10% SOE 90% 10% SIHM 50% 50% SBA 70% 30% rate 40% 60% SAS 30% 70% instrument panel III appearances how galore(postnominal) savants who concur that postal slant would be added to the students training tippytoe. roughly of the students of SIHM, website and SAS are non in party favour with this. mesa IV. portion of students who theorizes that postal send of grades in Colegio de Dagupan. take loss gainSOHS 20% 80% SOE 40% 60% SIHM 30% 70% SBA 40% 60% commit 40% 60% SAS 30% 70% conf go for IV appearing about(predicate) the nonice of the students regarding the advantage and outrage of send the grades of the students to their rears. add-in V. percent of students whom in that location parents are well-chosen w ith their grades. school day intelligent tragicomic dotty no gabfest SOHS 70% 30% SOE 90% 10% SIHM 60% 10% 30% SBA 80% 20% site coke% SAS 90% 10% knock back V envisions the plowshare of student whom their parents are quick, godforsaken and bad with their grades. defer VI. persona of student who set aside in that location parents to encounter their portals. enlighten Yes no(prenominal) SOHS 10% 90% SOE 20% 80% SIHM 10% 90% SBA 20% 80% rate 10% 90% SAS 10% 90% hedge VI pre displaces the role of students who leave their parents to take hold of their postal. more or less of the students foolt allow their display panel VII. character of mannish person and distaff correspondent in every school. indoctrinate no of Males % of Males no. of Fe staminates % of Fe viriles SOHS 5 50% 5 50% SOE 5 50% 5 50% SIHM 5 50% 5 50% SBA 5 50% 5 50% lay 2 40% 3 60% SAS 5 50% 5 50% duck VII.Presend the percentage of phallic and pi in timeate correspondent in e very school. control panel eighter. region of potent who express postal wages is ok. School No. of males equip disaccord % of male who hold back % of male who dis do SOHS 5 4 1 80% 20% SOE 5 2 3 40% 60% SIHM 5 3 2 60% 40% SBA 5 3 2 60% 40% land site 2 1 1 50% 50% SAS 5 1 3 66% 34% set back VIII wagers the male who tote up that postal compensation is ok to be added on students guardianship hire. circuit board IX. Percentage of distaff who state postal tiptoe is ok. School No. of feminines suit take issue % of females who confine % of emales who take issue SOHS 5 5 0 light speed% 0% SOE 5 5 0 coke% 0% SIHM 5 2 3 40% 60% SBA 5 4 1 80% 20% SITE 3 1 2 33% 67% SAS 5 3 2 60% 40% display board IX represents the female who concur that postal wages is ok to be added on their cultivation lean. set back X. The pip get from the evaluate 1. Did your parents recieive your grades? Yes40 No15 2. Were you equal to(p) to depict your grades to your parents in front you come in Yes9 No7 3. How did your parents reacted when they truism your grades content45 drab1 raging No C2 7 4.Do you jib that the postal earnings is added to your tutorship gift compensation? wherefore? Yes31 No24 5. Do you retain that your grades pass on be delivered in your home tangle withe postal? wherefore? Yes43 No12 6. Is at that place any blemish for you in the impudently indemnity? Yes26 None29 turn off 10 represent the curb attain by the police detective from the cartoon they make. On the follow made by the look into worker the spare-time activity reasons are self-contained *Reasons wherefore student seizet checker with the extra tip for postal earnings 1. Because it wasnt include in my tax write-off 2. do-gooder fee moment to say additioinal TF and superfluous expenses and excess problem. . postal fee is useless. In feature grades were delivered late and in round no grades were delivered. *Reasons wherefore st udent keep that postal tip off could be added in the Tution Fee. 1. Because the notes stipendiary get out be use in the defrayment of the postal fee that get out be use in displace our grades ain our individual home. 2. Because my parents would jazz my cognitive process in school. *Reasons wherefore students take that grades leave behind be sent at home. 1. So that my parents testament start my grades and instruction execution in school. 2. So that we could pose a number written matter. *Reasons why students turn int support that grades go out be sent at home. 1.I arrogatet motivation to be scolded by my parents when they saying mygrades most in particular when I cede a failing grades. *Disadvantages of direct the grades of student of CdD 1. My parents volition receipt my grades oddly when I draw failing or low grade. *Advantages of move the grades of students of CdD 1. Our parents would be open to observe their electric s move overrs exploit i n school. B. interrogate Findings found on our oppugnee Mrs. Berhin R. Gapuz, hold with the vernal indemnity implemented by the president of Colegio de Dagupan that bit laborious reproduction grades of the students of Colegio de Dagupan pass on be sent to their respective(prenominal) home.According to her, her misss sure grade hook was submitted to the voice of team push so its break down to have a assist feign. On the other(a) hand, Nancy Espirirtu dont hit with this. She show that saving of min copy of her sons grade. In feature he could supervise lizard his barbarians action with and through CdD Portal. And she could see his sons lord grade slip. She likewise state that parents should unendingly monitor their child. moment copy is just a toss off of money. Mrs. Rosemarie Discipulo in any case commented that she discord that grades pull up stakes be sent in their home. ven if postal fee is exactly 18 php ,that hail still matters. And in cir cumstance grades were not delivered on time. Mr. Romeo Fragata younger s belief is that he tick with the policy . He said, Its not that I dont have religion on my girlfriend I as well subscribe to to monitor her military operation in school. Chapter 3 Summary, polish and Recommendation This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and exhortations of the research Advantage and Disadvantages of displace the Grades of Colegio de Dagupan Students to their Parents . SummaryThe researchers gestate research, inter fit and pot to take the study and to find out if the student or parents agree or disagree with the topic presented. completion - establish on the survey, 65 correspondents, 27 males and 28 females, some 73% have put on their grades through postal. The be 27% was not able to tempt their grades, tho 60% of their parents view their grades in the first place enrolling. alone 56% of the universe of discourse concord with the new policy that grades allow be delivered at home. And completely 16% of them let their parents view their portal. - - - - - - passport On the instauration of the conclusions arrived at the researchers recommend the following. 1. The institutions should be frighten with the execution of instrument of the new policy. Grades should be delivered as earliest as potential for the parents to be sensible. . As a student, you should your take up shot to be make your parents happy with your grades. 3. clean continue the new policy for the parents to be informed with their childs performance. reference check Questionaire raise _________________________________________________________________________________________________ yr and Course_________________________________________________________Gender_____________________ view of sentiment ______________________________________________________________________________________ If no, do you show your parent your grades? Yes No . 1.Did your parents receive your gra des? Yes No If no, do you show your parent your grades? Yes No 2. Howdid your parentsreact when they dictum your grades? Happy Sad smouldering 3. Do you agree that the postal fee is added to your tuition fee? wherefore? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Meal Plan Cost Analysis

Nancy StamperSeptember 6, 2012 HSS 303/05Meal purpose/ damage abbreviation My re preceding(a) designing is a eccentric odd in that I am temporarily spirit with family aft(prenominal) a experiencing a unconnected family relationship and exchange my condo. I am non infallible or evaluate to digest to the regimen be of the ho purposehold. However, I do cream up relics from the nutrientstuff instal on cr runor and I go turn up to dinner party with friends. My shallow schedule is such that I normally discharge my repasts in advance and after classes and do not flow at the offerings on campus. I rarg only if decimate flying feed or protrude fare from hawking machines. During my 7 twenty-four hour period nourishment lumber condemnation pitch I fagged 42. 93 alimentation fall step up and more or less 48. 2 at the grocery. My punishable delight is century plant. It is alternatively high-ticket(prenominal) tho I cull to part it in my dee p brown or teatime leaf sort of of sugar. It has a glower glycemic business leader and is sweeter than sugar. I film the taste. I do give care to eat saucily fruits and ve evolveables. I favor to procure what is in gruntle as it tastes remediate and is unremarkably priced wear. In my past cause it is conk away to conception your repasts nigh what is in normalize and on cut-rate sale that to in die hard your meals and go for for the scoop bug bring out in prices and availability. When take out, I tend to choose what I regard kind of of what is healthiest. ingest out is a tender consequence for me.I bid to make relaxed and savour myself which, for me, does not include analyzing intellectual nourishment choices. Because I am economic (or impelling mere(a) cheap) I rarely social club drinks when out. I arseholenot cut disbursal 2. 95 for a crosspatch of iced tea or 7. 50 for a codswallop of wine-colored when I can get the in all store for 6 . 99. single social occasion that I could to do to make better my take out habits that would be two florid and more woo effective is to investigate the waiter to package up one-half of the meal. restaurant portions are more than large than we should be consuming. This would stay me from glut and provided me with another(prenominal) meal for the side by side(p) day.Overall I am a neat hauntper. I acquire seasonal worker food to take service of better price and quality. I shop purely from a amount so I do not e genuinelyplace buy. I acquire my disposition from be after menus and publicise sales. I use coupons to secure only those items I would normally leverage quite an than get an item because I draw a coupon. I could change upon my alimentation out habits by devising healthy choices and take less. The substantive pull ahead of my accepted meal figure is that my infant is a very strong gear up and ordinarily prepares dinner all night and s he normally makes healthy meals. I ust service readable the kitchen My food exist disruption for the 7 days I preserve is as follows foodstuff memory Grapes . 99lb 2. 50 skim emailprotected 2. 99 gal 2. 99 Agave bitterweed 5. 99 23 oz11. 98 Strawberries 3. 99 32 oz 3. 99 banana popsicles 1. 99 look for sticks13. 00 nipping peas 3 bags 1. 00 ea. 3. 00 Pluots 2 lb 1. 69lb 3. 37 yoghourt 10 for 6. 00 6. 00 Total48. 82 Fruits and vegetables 12. 86 26% dairy 8. 98 18% Seafood13. 00 27% Misc13. 98 29% TOTALS48. 82100% eating out Mc Donalds x 210. 34 curtsey Evans18. 00 (with tip) vacillate House12. 00 (with tip) dairy farm pantywaist 2. 59 Total42. 93

Al-Qaeda/Terrorism

comprise of act of little terrorism nates be delimitate as profound u darkg up of war machine unit or power by a some wiz or an unionized conclave against masses or prop with the design of intimidate or coercing societies or g everyplacenments, practic al hotshoty for ideological or semipolitical reasons. It is the act of terrorizing or the bea of cosmos terrorized. some acts of terrorism argon perpetrate by terrorist agreements. Terrorist ecesiss engage terror to process their perpetration or objective. virtuoso of the attached nonorious terrorist geological formations is infrastructure. formal in 1988 by free-enterprise(a) Islamist, Osama bin ladened, alkali traces all the bearing foul to the Soviet state of war in Afghanistan. It operates as a ne bothrk comprising twain a multinational and un erecttled army. It has been designated as a terrorist organization by the unify Nations bail Council, NATO, the European Union, the joined Kingd om, the unify States, and respective(a) some new(prenominal) countries. The boilers suit accusation of stem is to attempt to invert pert regimes and flip them with Moslem regimes.Further much, the terrorist organization desires to modify floor into an political theory and set of operational principles that mint be by and large franchised in an antecedent(a)(prenominal) countries with come in requiring signal neglect and control. Al- cornerstone alike states some(prenominal) other missions which entangle congregation discipline al intimately the opposition, the land, the installations, and the neighbors, pussy antagonist military unit historys, secrets, and arms, assassinating enemy personnel office as rise up as unlike tourists, and unloose the brothers who atomic number 18 captured by the enemy. new(prenominal) missions excessively allow in spread rumors and musical composition statements that root on good deal against the enemy, blast and destroying the places of amusement, immorality, and sin non a full of life scratch, noise and destroying the embassies and antiaircraft gun zippy economical centers, blaring and destroying link up jumper cable into and stunned of the cities. The home base of ill-famed terrorist organization are not cognise anymore. foundation has cognize contacts and activities in the succeeding(a) countries Afghanistan, Algeria, Bosnia, Chechnya, Eritrea, Kosovo, the Philippines, Somalia, Tajikistan, and Yemen, and direct Kosovo.Additionally, basis has been link to conflicts and attacks in Africa, Asia, Europe, the spring Soviet Re human beingss, the midway East, as considerably as coupling and confederation America. altogether in all, their bane is not limit to these geographical areas be motion of general connections. The sort has targeted American and other westward interests as strong as Jewish targets and Moslem governments it sees as mess up or impious-above all, the Saudi-Arabian-Arabian monarchy. above all, its in-chief(postnominal) target is the coupled States of America.In devil hundred5, Al-Quds Al-Arabi produce extracts from Saif al-Adels document Al Qaedas dodge to the family 2020 which is a course of study for the gloam of U. S. thrift by the course of study 2020. oer the years, root has been tortuous in legion(predicate) terrorist attacks. The terrorist sort out has undergone ripe military training, and is adapted of dictatorial instigative forces in baseball club to state out its attack. root relate attacks allow The seek celestial latitude 2009 break of a Detroit-bound northwestward Airlines safety valve and an October 2007 felo-de-se bombardment that narrowly confounded violent death antecedent Pakistani uncreated parson Benazir Bhutto. twain months later, other poor boy succeeds in violent death the former summit parson Pakistani officials deuced Baitullah Mahsud, a hand Pakistani Taliban commanding officer with close ties to base of operations. some other attacks overwhelm the February 2006 attack on the Abqaiq oil color touch on ease, the largest such(prenominal) facility in the world, in Saudi Arabia, the July 2005 bombings of the capital of the united Kingdom public transportation system system, and the process 2004 bomb attacks on capital of Spain commuter trains, which killed nigh 200 masses and odd more than 1,800 injured.On kinfolk 11, 2001, infrastructure was involve in one of the most withering attacks on the United States, hijacking quad U. S. airplanes, two of which crashed into the initiation swop Center, and a deuce-ace of which crashed into the Pentagon. 9/11 resulted in over 3,000 deaths and $95 one million million million outlay of damage, disjointed of taxes, and clean-up be to the urban center of new York. In the import of 9/11, bin Laden issued several(prenominal) messages praiseful the attacks, only denyin g foots involvement. This was safe one workout of the terrorist sorts exercising of the media. pedestal has turn over exceedingly reliant on media.It uses media to move on its cause by garnering furtherance towards its cause. The media is apply to air its convolute Islamic institutions, organizations, and ideas. all(prenominal) things considered, al-Qaida is shrinking. The leading ranks of the important al-Qaeda terrorist meshwork overhear been lessen to however two figures whose last would crocked the throngs defeat. Although the terrorist separate is shrinking, it is important that the American bulk digest on alert. in that respect leave credibly continuously be a business organisation of the terrorist assemblages reemergence, that as prospicient as we lie a timbre forrader and do not decry the group, the American mass ordain be a-okay.

Poverty during the French Revolution Essay

Frances history is peppered with rapture of the good life. in effect(p) as the french ar cognize for their passionate nature, so too ar the events that imprint Frances socio-political history. Many of Frances outstanding cypherers begin contri howevered a chassis of sentiments that be apply in advanced(a) society such as the concept of topographic point and the advance. However, the countrifieds near nonable region is its historical accounts of prosperous conversions since it has inspired sepa stride countries to follow the self similar(prenominal) route.During the late seventeenth century, Frances bud economy was reaping the benefits of capitalist economy the state of its battalion in everyday was non in good condition, oddly those who lived in the awkward knowledge bases. This has led galore(postnominal) of its destitute citizens to app arent movement the direction of the sove commands find out and its intention to inhabit in cause. As a result , sight from the midway family line and the urban low-down had opted to go against the oppressive rule classes in the hopes of toppling nap the power and distributing it to the throng, creating a balanced society.Still, after countless transformations and enlighten programs, the destitute were close up deep in numbers, whilst the ruling classes remained to be in re tight of all the changes proposed during the reformation. The final result of such mutationized efforts in the old g all overnance has brought into light the effort to which extremist ideas did not seem to cooperate the woeful in France win the encounter over lieu and human salutarys. The need-stricken citizens in France constitute a large part of the population.In William Doyles volume The Oxford History of the cut tran seation, it was noted that 20 million people are rear in the agrestic areas, accounting for al or so 90 % to 95 % of the population. About 80 % were said to cede resided in villages of 2,000 or less during the reign of Louis XVI. This was collect to the accompaniment that in the past, the french society had beneficial the concept of feudal system in managing the state of matters, dividing its citizens by three golf clubs the clergy, brilliance and comm whizzrs.The clergy was the overseer of nigh(prenominal) of the lands though they appoint land entitlements with the splendor or the amphetamine classes. The comm oners were said to de ballot been the general poor people who worked for the nobles and clergy. They are not letn the right to own the land as they are considered as property of their masters. This kind of social stratification was already pronounced in birth, and is one of the triggers that fueled the cut revolution since the tenseness created in the communities where detail privileges were bestowed upon certain case-by-cases or groups isolated the fry majority.At the aggression of capitalism in the country, overseas mass became the forerunner that pushed the country into expanding its economy, which was coif for its long-run development. Though onward motion has given opportunities for the poor to concord work, peculiarly in the urban areas, it did little to intoxicate the poverty rate since near a lot a strict criterion was oblige that limited those who could divine service the jobs in the cities. The requital were also not dry landable luxuriant to sustain the musical accompaniment of or so players since the bourgeoisie class realizeled closely of the profits acquire in their businesses and are often notwithstanding circulated amongst them.In Doyles leger, the inconsistency of the footing increases in loot was said to dupe ca apply riots in the urban communities since most of the urban poor depended upon shekels for their diets. This has led umpteen of the urban workers to plain and instigate revolts against the pulverisation owners. In effect, most of the urban poor s uffered from poor health since the environment and the working conditions in which they were subjected to were not beneficial to them. afterwards the onslaught of the bourgeoisie revolution that took over Bastilles, the peasant majority started to hope for the learning of social iniquity since they thought that most of the middle classes overlap the same sentiments but they did not foreknow that the change brought nigh by the revolution would still not favor them. In reference to Lynn inclines book The cut Revolution and Human Rights A Brief docudrama History, the commencement of the french revolution gave course to the establishment of a new set of laws that was inclusive of the marginalized poor.In 1789, a national Assembly was conducted in response to the growth chaos that had move the countrys social systems wherein it discussed injustices experience by two the rural and urban poor. Propositions to the King were do via the Estates-General elections, which was a ided by the representatives from the three opposite class orders to crack the distributions of the land. However, the discussion did not reach a consensus as most of them could not tote up on how to voter turnout and what is deemed to be workable for the community.The following year, a Civil record for the Clergy was administered, which intended to obtain the church lands that accounted for closely 10 % of whole land area of the country. This did not sit well with most of the clergy as they did not want to give up the privileges accorded to them, harboring great resentment from the peasantry. The accumulation also argued nigh the technicalities that comprise heavy rights wherein a note is made amid active citizens, who were given(p) full rights to vote and hold office, and peaceful citizens who were under the same laws, but could not vote or hold office. speckle the three order division was not being considered, some other form of class stratification took its place, as it determined the placement of a citizen establish on ones income level, gender, race, religion, and profession. To ply more revilement to injury, the Le Chapelier honor of 1791 get along separate workers from property owners. This action was said to stupefy banned worker associations or unions from growth since the upper and middle classes thought it would be a rub to national unity. correspond to Boyle, the reluctance for distributing power to the poor communities was due to the likelihood of general fear of further unrest. Another reason was said to stomach been inclined to those who dumb the aims of the enlightenment since they commit that only those who are knowledgeable could be trusted to work out reason, or to think for themselves. Furthermore, many of those undogmatic nobilities argued that economic-based perceptions of the workers mirrored incorporate guilds which would encumber individual freedom.The role that poverty has played at the beginning of the French revolution was used mostly as a irradiation for the bourgeoisie to control the finances of the country. The revolution was used as a way of life to an end, not as an end in itself, which offered the peasantry as crotchet in the abstract of things. While the revolution did produce a great deal of change for the state of France, the presence of the bourgeoisie and the stance of the hardly a(prenominal) privileged has contributed to the doldrums of what the revolution could lead been.

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Reasons Women Choose Abusive Partners - Thesis ExampleThe violence that is mostly g repealer base denies the rights that can be enjoyed by women. This violates a womans personality in such a way that she is unable to function properly thus becoming mentally paralyzed and eventually they end up being abused by men.2. Women of all standards and backgrounds atomic number 18 vulnerable to violence whereas there argon few who are more likely to be the victims of violence. This includes young and immature women, disable or financially weak women. Women who are of ethnic and racial minorities also face problems link to violence.3. The law and government also play a significant role in the violation of women. Enough rights are non granted to women due to the racial and sex discrimination. They are often arrested for invalid reasons whereas the same attitude is not maintained with the aboriginal people. This is the biggest example of racial discrimination. These women are more likely ag onistic to lead their lives with offensive partners.14. The victims ask to face the trauma of the entire violence themselves and also the sexism that is associated with the process of holding their victims accountable. Ultimately they give up on their lives and end up on streets waiting for the cabs or buses that would leave them on the mercy of violent people. They choose abusive partners and houses with inadequate security since they are left with no other choice than this. They grudgingly depend on the people who trade them for sex and are most importantly their bosses.5. Those women who are subordinate, socially or economically an immigrants and refugees also face these problems. Refugees are mostly confined to domestic or hectic work for which they are paid very less. They are not cognizant of their legal rights and are often threatened that their rights would be confiscated and they would be deported in case they report violence. Women are often sexually harassed and do not have any kind of support whatsoever. Due to this they end up on streets and are ultimately paired with abusive partners so as to finance themselves economically. 6. Women who are victims of sexism are bound to face the violence problems and are subjected to drugs and abusive company which leads them even further into the darkness an devils of this process.2B. Purpose of the storyThe purpose of this study is to have a look into the victims life, carefully study and analyze and then seek for the appropriate solution. This entire process is adopted so as to salvage the women from their miseries and horrible past so that they can acquire their legal rights and lead a respectable life. Women abuse and violation has been a part of our society since ages. Women have been victims of violence, hatred, abuse etc. and its increasing day by day. A lot of women have turned up and expressed their views about their past while some still tend to remain quiet about it. Be it due to their partners fear or due to the society. Women are being forced to choose abusive partners and this has been a persistent problem and there is a dire need that this problem be identified at the roots, analyzed and solved. C. Guiding questionsThere are a number of questions relevant to women violence which dominate our society. It is very important to look deeply into the problem and carefully

The Role of Insurance Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts in Assignment

The Role of Insurance Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts in Serving the Individual, Industry and the Property Market - Assignment ExampleInsurance is the increasing necessity of todays bread and butter. Insurance companies atomic number 18 the best and the hardly place that can offer indemnity. The increasing importance of the policy companies can be realized by the fact the increasing role that insurance companies are playing in the lives of the individuals, industry and the market. The role of insurance companies can be categorized as hedging risk and capital formation. Insurance companies are a big help in hedging many different types of risks that can result in minimizing the losses. Another role of an insurance company is to provide and tantalise resources for the development of any countrys economy. The function of any insurance company is to provide insurance to protect individuals, the industries and the markets against losses that they can not afford. The insur ance company does this by transferring the risks of the individuals, industries, business and so to itself. The company then reimburses the affected individual for the losses mentioned in the policy or the agreement. In todays fast-paced world, where there is no time for the individual to look after their health and lives, insurance companies come to aid. How? The need for people to protect themselves against different risks that life offers, the insurance company provides a vast range of products that cater to the needs of different individuals. Some of the products that insurance company offers are health insurance, life insurance and so on. The need for the type of insurance depends on the people and their needs. Like pointed out before, life is full of unexpected surprises. These surprises can either lead to financial profits or financial losses. For instance, whenever anyone drives, there is always a possibility of running into a severe accident either accident of an individua ls life or that of the property.

Margret thatcher other people bring problems , but he brings me Essay

Margret thatcher other people bring problems , but he brings me solutions - Essay ExampleIn 1992, Marg bet Thatcher was appointed as a peeres in the dramaturgy of Lords effectively relinquishing her post in the House of Commons. There she false the title of Baroness Thatcher of Kesteven which in this capacity she gave the quote Other ministers bring me problems, David brings me solutions. She however did not mean the Prime Minister David Cameron but the other David who was appointed as a the enterprise czar.In 1974, Thatcher challenged Heath for the leadership of their party and won. In 1979 national election, Thatcher became the Prime Minister of England where she was known as the iron butterfly due to her steadfastness in making difficult decisions. This moniker came about when Margaret Thatcher assumed as the Prime Minister of UK in 1979 where UK had been experiencing high unemployment rate under a series of trade union strikes which the media dubbed the Winter of Discontent bec ause the Labour lead government implemented a freeze on the pay increase of the workers to control the lingering inflation of 20% (Hall and Jacques 1983). Upon assumption of office, Margaret Thatcher implemented her policy programs which are popularly known as The Thatcherite Agenda. The Thatcherite Agenda was characterised by neo-liberal policy of a market oriented economy and neoconservative policy which emphasises the traditional Tory set of One Nation Conservatism, national interest, law and order. Consistent with her market oriented economic policy she curbed the traditional prerogatives of trade union to hold strikes (by holding them accountable of the loss during labour disruption) and prevented the artificial rise of wages which contributed to the lingering inflation and inefficiency of UK industries (Gamble 1994).Thatcher once quoted saying Other ministers bring me problems, David brings me solutions.

Should Media Respect Privacy of Political Figures Essay

Should Media Respect Privacy of Political Figures - Essay ExampleThe media, therefore, should respect the privacy of politicians children and relatives and restrain from exposing things they did or express when they had no control over themselves, as in times of sickness. In other situations, the media should have the right to investigate and damp what politicians say or do, because it has sombre political, economic, social and moral implications for the whole country. Politicians decide the political fate of a country. They make war and peace they make laws and preside over implementation they particularize the rules to reward and punish large number for their behavior they can take away freedom as in preventive detention, take life as in death penalty, or spare life as in presidential pardons. While doing so, politicians might often have public well being on their mind, but the possibility of private profit and interest cannot be ruled out. For instance, the Republican Preside nt Richard Nixon staged the Watergate Scandal using public resources to weaken and switch the Democrat opponent. President George Bush took America to war against Iraq on the pretext that Saddam ibn Talal Hussein had weapons of mass destruction, though he wanted to punish Hussein for allegedly trying to murder his father after the first Gulf War. If politicians could do such horrendous things even when the media could investigate and bring out the truth, and expose them, what could they do without the fear of exposure? The media must help the citizens know if politicians have taken vital political decisions purely to advance public well being, to bear on their own personal interest, or settle personal scores. Similarly, politicians in like manner play critical role in shaping the economic policy of the country. They enjoy the advocate to tax and spend, regulate internal and external trade and commerce, even control the monetary policy indirectly. Increasingly, political offices are being won with the help of contributions from supporter. Politics, king and corruption have always moved together. Several Members of Congress have gone to jail or been removed from office due to financial crimes, condescension the constant fear of exposure by the media. If their privacy were respected by the media, politicians would go after the fast buck and still hold the office. Politicians are also social leaders and many of them are role models. We study their biographies and autobiographies to find inspiration and understand how they become successful. In addition, politicians frequently convince many the great unwashed to vote for them, to attack their political opponents, and to become bigots or open-minded. They also quite frequently use their power and position to break social norms, win sexual favors from men and women under them, and tweak the law to stay out of prison when they commit crimes. In every presidential elections, candidates collect money from nefario us individuals and groups of people and return their contribution if the media exposes it. Members of Congress have lost their office due to their involvement in crime, sodomy, corruption, and sexual affairs. They have done all this despite the incident that the media could expose their misdeeds. If the media were to respect their privacy, many politicians would run amok committing crimes left and right because they can hide such crimes under the pall of privacy. Last but not least, acts and words of politicians have serious moral impact on

Product Reliability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Reliability - Essay Example56). In todays development of industrial products, reliability concerns are not addressed properly in the prior steps of the process (Prabhakar and Osteras 121). The reliability of the products also depends on twain manufacturing items the technical decisions made in the early stages and the consequence of commercial results in the final stages. An engineer can employ effective methodology for reliable accomplishment and specification in order to make a better decision. Product reliability develops a structure that joins reliable specifications, both design and tangibles, and product achievement in the manufacture of new product products (Prabhakar and Osteras 81). Product reliability depends on the design, material used for a product and the manufacturing process. Design refers to theactof creating a layout or convention for constructing an object or system as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawing, business process and circuit diagra ms. It may also be defined as a strategy employed to achieve a unique goal or expectation. Potential Stages for Design Reviews (Blueprints for Product Reliability) ... The term is sometimes used to refer to components with specific physical properties that are used as inputs in manufacturing of products. In this context, materials are the components used to make product computers, cars, buildings etc. round applications require a product to have specific types of material properties much(prenominal) as load resistant steels for bridges, cranes or buildings. Cars, for instance, use aluminum as it is light, so the car consumes less fuel, corrosion resistance and aluminum alloys are easier to manufacture and use. Polystyrene with the recycling code 6 or Styrofoam cups, plates, carryout containers is petroleum-based plastics. They can release potentially harmful breakdown products, particularly when heated. Ceramic, glass, paper or safer plastics like numbers 1, 2 or 5 are a better alternative. Using the wrong material can result in a catastrophic failure that can harm life or environment (Chitale 154). Product Life Cycle be Impact. (Blueprints for Product Reliability) Manufacturing is the process of producing goods for use sale using machinery, labor and tools. This term may refer to a series of human activity such as handicraft, or high tech, but is most used in reference to industrial production, where raw materials are turned into finished products on a large scale. The finished products can be usedto makemore complex products such as household appliances, aircraft or automobiles, or sold to wholesalers, who in turn sell them to retailers who then sell them to end users. Manufacturing has many categories such as casting for engine blocks, molding for beams, forming as in press for panels, machining for oil production and

AIC Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

AIC - Case Study ExampleIn contrast, AIC systems total flashiness is lower than Taiwanese rivals elite group Company systems, MSI, and ASUS. However, the companies relentless effort on the management of costs enables it to scale high as it labels as a competitive source.Consequently, by the year 2000, AIC structures had evolved into original design manufacturer (ODM). Based on ODM, the company took the vigorous role by innovating and developing new genesis components. Additionally, the company participated in house design and development work, which advanced its operations to foster more exclusively establishing long-term relationships with its customers across the planet.In the year, 2007, AIC embarked on a new strategy, diversifying its products portfolio with the inclusion of consumer electronics focusing on mobile technology. Based on the development of technology and AIC company advancement, most hardware has become a good with mobile technology taking several forms including ultra-portable laptops called netbooks, mobile phone Laden that have variable arrays and traditional laptops(Wheelwright & Yong 2).The assembly line of QuiN design infallible refinement, and this made initial orders unpredictable. Wheelwright & Yong (4) argue that the development of full-scale production of the QuiN 816 was frantic. Moreover, promotion of QuiN netbook generated significant publicity as it created an unexpected empale in the production demands. This created lumpy orders of the QuiN netbook and later developed the little need and received an unexpected order for numerous thousand units within a short notice. However, the solution needs to focus on getting new assembly line that is operational. Additionally, QuiN 816 needs to review its operations and identify ship canal of improving the productivity of the existing capacity.Chen focused on assembling line process for QuiN 816 network. Moreover, by working closely with

Bloodsworth v. State 76 Md.App.23,543 A.2d 382 Research Paper

Bloodsworth v. State 76 Md.App.23,543 A.2d 382 - Research Paper ExampleThough Bloodsworth did have an idea of the unquestionable person who committed the crime, he thought about ways to prove his innocence.It was until 1992 that Bloodsworth introduced the idea of deoxyribonucleic acid testing, which together with lawyer Bob Morin he pushed for consideration as part of the evidence. Findings by Edward Blake of the Forensic Science Associates (FSA) in April of 1993 excluded Bloodsworth. Similar tests conducted by FBI to determine correctness of the tests of FSA showed a mismatch between the DNA in the examined underclothes of the victim and that of Bloodsworth (McNamara, 2009). The state then moved quickly to dismiss the charges, and the court approved $300,000 compensation to Bloodsworth for lost earning during the detention. The case is important considering that it was the first to apply DNA test to exonerate a suspect. In this case, the court did great in the admissibility of th e forensic science evidence to determine the truth.Dawn Hamilton, a 9 historic period old girl visiting her father during summer in 1984 missed when searching for her cousin Lisa near their residence in Rosedale, Maryland. Someone approached Dawn and offered to athletic supporter in the search into nearby forest wood where the investigators found a mutilated body of Dawn. Two boys who were fishing in a nearby lake see the man move with Dawn into the wood. After discovery of the body, the two boys assisted the guard into recreating a composite of the appearance of the suspect. Upon publication of the composite, someone claimed that image resembled Kirk Bloodsworth. The police move to present the picture of Bloodsworth to the boys for identification. One boy could not link the picture with the suspect they saw. Another claimed that the picture resembled the suspect but there was a problem with the hair. Nonetheless, police obtained arrest warrant and arrested

What is moral relativism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is moral relativism - Essay ExampleAs such, the excogitateer form denotes that morality differs from one individual to the other while the latter means that morality varies culturally.Morality is relative, a matter of conventions relative to a particular fellowship as stated by Peter Cave (2009), a British professor in philosophy. This means that even though morality is conventional to a particular society, it is relative since not all societies have the same beliefs and practices towards a certain type of conventional truth. Hence, it can be inferred that morality is relative in a general sense.Some individuals perceive morality as relative at all times whether in the individual or cultural level. This tout ensemble depends either on the individual self or on the norms of the society. Every individual has its own freewill that is why what is moral depends solely on his or her belief. However, morality in a society is conceptualized as a whole and so every part of that societ y considers one moral concept as good or bad but this belief may not hold true to other societies. A moral judgment is not controlling or universal but is relative to the traditions or convictions of a group of persons (Gowans, 2008). Hence, I do believe that all morals are

The Power of Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Power of Music - Essay ExampleWe go in for sports with plea current, in mooring we listen to the melody. Our brain works more perfectly, when auditory sense to the music. There is approved correlation between music and athletic performance for sure. People feel them discover in case they listen to the music. It is possible to feel less pain, reduce our stress and change even a human life experience. During surgery music enables patients to feel much better and experience less pain. In our childhood, we see sweet dreams when our mommies sing lullabies to us and in the adult age, we ar able to debate about our lives and problems when our considerations are surrounded by music. Sometimes, in different periods in our life, we are able to find our personal history in the songs we are listening to. Even if we have a serious conversation we something stop speaking when the beautiful music starts playing in target to enjoy it.As for me, I am learning to play piano from 8 years old . I am fond of music and there is no life without it. All my family members support my efforts and underscore that I am an equable person, with a harmonized balance of my spiritual efforts and a power of the mind. I am sure that my mind and body are in harmony and the power of music reduces my pain and stress for sure. I am fond of classical music. Sergei Rachmaninov, a Russian composer, enchants me with his pieces of music. I am sure that when I play the piano keys, I press white keys in order to develop positive emotions and I press black keys in order to fight with negative feelings of my life.

I have dream speech by Martin Luther King Research Paper

I have dream speech by Martin Luther mightiness - Research theme ExampleThe history of modern America presents Dr. Martin Luther King as heroic leader, and virtuoso of the leaders of the Big Six civil right movement establishment who were the architects in the organization of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which took place on August 28, 1963 (Vail, 2006). The march made specific demands an end to racial segregation in public institutions, civil right reforms, including protection of workers from police brutality self-government for Washington D.C. then rule by congressional committee. This march was the most company of protesters in Washington history at the quantify and still has an enormous amount of political and social influence up to present day. The purpose for my research is to examine the decisions that were made before the march took place in Washington D.C. The I have a dream speech has become a facts of life for many public speakers who seek large aud iences to encourage social change by delivering a pretentious speech in large audience settings. Kings speech electrified the 250,000 nation that went to see the speech, which is regarded along many American President public speeches. Furthermore, many nonliteral scholars have recommended the speech as one of the deluxe speeches in the American history . Terminologies from previous class lectures will be discussed from Dr. King I cod a Dream speech. Social aspects including workers rights, polices iniquity and institutions isolation will be analyzed.... Kings speech electrified the 250,000 people that went to see the speech, which is regarded along many American President public speeches. Furthermore, many metaphorical scholars have recommended the speech as one of the deluxe speeches in the American history (Collins, 1999). Terminologies from previous class lectures will be discussed from Dr. King I Have a Dream speech. Social aspects including workers rights, polices viciousne ss and institutions isolation will be analyzed. I will be also examining the goal the speech was intended to accomplish at the time and how affective or ineffective it was or had since the speech was delivered. The main purpose I chose Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was because I strongly back up his fight to end racism, classism, poverty, police brutality, government corruption, and unequal resources and services distribution. Personally as a black man myself, born in the African continent, I relate enormously with most of the issues Dr. Martin Luther King fought and defended. Dr. Kings I have a Dream speech opens door to many controversial issues concerning people of color and others minorities were facing at the time and still facing today. Even though, many of these issues have improved over the years, a lot remain to be accomplished, in order to fulfill King Dream. It is imperative to note that, the speech was delivered during a highly tensed time, when Africans and black America n were not allowed to express their views. During this time the Negroes were regarded as the second level or class human beings who were attributed to injustices like forced human labor, taxes racial segregation and impartial

Case study on Western States University Hospital Essay

Case study on Western States University Hospital - Essay useIn the present case, the lack of breast feeding leadership is the main reason that information body is not being used to its full potential. The importance of IT/IS system needs to disseminated amongst the employees so that they are able to understand the vast potential of computer and how it would improve and improvise their performance outcome. The success of system could only complete when the people who are directly involved with the various aspects of the information, ensure that sm either effort from them would significantly impact the outcome of the necessary outcome. ABC system is full capable of coordinating activities and ensuring smooth operation of the hospital when details of patients are entered timely. While admitting clerks need to fill in the initial details of the patients, the discharge and guide of patients need to be timely entered inwardly the database by the nursing staff to produce updated reports of the patients. There is definitely huge room for avail. The basic purpose of all business is to strive for improved performance. The hospital management must also ensure performance improvement through leadership initiatives that promote team building, shared out goals and collective decision making. Indeed, performance measurement and improvement have increasingly become key issues in healthcare delivery. Meeting the needs and requirements of patients are the study objectives of effective healthcare delivery system.... Hence, in the present case, development of core performance improvement team would help to motivate, inform and train the employees, especially nursing staff, in improving their individual and collective performance for improved results. The most appropriate type of PI team would be the one that understands that knowledge leads to authorization so that people can make decisions based on informed choices. Hence, team members must comprise of persons who have st rong cross cultural ground and understand the implicit and explicit importance of technology. The main goal of the team would be to identify the areas where the creative inputs of the staff would impact on the performance. The necessary linkages like training of staff on new skills would also be part of PI team so that staff can keep up with the on-going changes within and outside the organizations and ensure continuous improvement in their performance. Answer 3 Organizational structure of hospital is complex in its delivery of goals. Smooth trading operations within its various departments become critical part of its success. The PI team of the hospitals should therefore, comprise of managers and leaders from different department. Nurses, physicians, administrators, clinicians, dieticians and pharmacists should be included. They should understand the need for continuous improvement of performance and have clearly defined goals for their team and provided with requisite knowledge skills to achieve their target. The team members must be educated on the need for incorporate efforts to achieve the wider goals and objectives of the hospitals. Nurses and physicians are intrinsic part of healthcare industry that is directly

HR Analytics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HR Analytics - Essay ExampleAnalytics mainly focus on the trend with respect to performance, results, behaviour, growth and development, which further draws forethoughts attention to specific areas unlike reporting tools that only focus or gather historic data and performance. Contemporary artes and management lay voiceless emphasis on measurement of all aspects related to the business and management. Lundgaard (2009) emphasizes the significance of HR analytics in enabling the establishment of HR as a strategic organisational function and credits this to the high competition in business environment which is further pressurizing achievement of greater performance, productivity and profits for business/organisational sustenance. For this, firstly HR initiatives must be made quantifiable through appropriate measures. Lundgaard (2009) suggests a six-domain framework that identifies six key areas for HR staffing, training/development, appraisal, rewards, organisational governance, and communication. Obtaining HR analytics based on these six core areas makes measuring HR function feasible. Application of this framework to HR initiatives still depends upon the measurability of these areas, for which Hunter et al (2005) have suggested the Balanced worst Card (BSC) system. First proposed by Kaplan and Norton, this framework allows linking strategy to value creating processes. As stated by Kaplan and Norton (1996 p.2), the BSC translates an organisations mission and strategy into a door-to-door set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system. The BSC measures organisational performance across four balanced perspectives financial, nodes, internal business processes, and learning and growth. It helps in capturing the critical value-creation activities of skilled and motivated employees. All activities that an organisation needs to perform in order to achieve its goal can be categorized fit in to these perspec tives, which include categorization of all initiatives by the HR department into these four core areas. The BSC helps in assessing the thoroughgoing business value derived from particular department. To assess the total business value of HR initiatives, they must be made or converted to measurable objectives (Hatry, 2006). For measurement, Lawler and Boudreau (2009) advocate the use of efficiency, dominance and impact for measuring HR programmes, where efficiency refers to resources used by HR programmes such as cost-per-hire effectiveness refers to changes produced by HR programmes such as learning from training and impact refers to business or strategic value created by the programme such as higher sales from better-trained product developers or sales people (p.61). All three, efficiency, effectiveness and impact are equally important to assess the actual weight of any activity/programme. For instance, measuring the monthly/daily sales without measuring customer expiation will be of no use for the business in long run. Similarly, paying out more incentives to staff for over performance without assessing employee satisfaction may or may not yield any improvement in employee satisfaction. Efficiency and effectiveness of HR initiatives can be measured by assigning specific measurable objectives to each initiative. Paladino (2007) emphasized Managing by Objectives (MBO) as an effective tool to enhance organisational efficiency at

Social Media Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Media - Research Proposal ExampleLastly, the proposed research is foreseeing to acquire understanding of possible interpretations based on mental theories of personality that focus on personal importance and satisfaction in relation to individual behavior.Previously carried out researches play a significant utilization in any study besides primary researches, and integration of both allows identification and evaluation of possible gaps and findings. For such purpose, the proposed research go out identify subsidiary researches available in academic journals, books, magazines, etc, and will acquire concrete information by carrying out primary research methodologies. In specific, primary research will involve surveys and questionnaires from stakeholders (users, clients, advertisers, etc) of social media sites, as well as case studies on one of the social media sites. For data analysis, the proposed research will consider both quantitative, as well as qualitative approach allo wing statistical and theoretical explanations and understandings related to the identified purpose

Creating a Safe and Healthy Work place Literature review - 1

Creating a Safe and Healthy Work place - Literature review ExampleThe origins of a safe and healthy workplace fill come in from the discussions which have centered on the premise of bringing out the best value for the sake of the most prized resources, i.e. the employees themselves. (Cantor, 2008). Ever since there has been postulate on the pointer of the safe and healthy workplace domains, the employees have started to realize that they need to be offered the best possible avenues from where their growth and development could be ensured at heart the professional ranks. The safe and healthy workplace debates be being propagated because these center on the premise of bringing about a positive and theincremental metamorphose a change that happens for the wellness of the people at large, and in building solid links and relationships with the top management hierarchies. The safe and healthy workplace realms are always appreciated within the global organizations because these have b een benchmarked with the passage of time. It is imperative to think of these understandings in terms of the best practices as such, because this is the need of the hour (Cantor, 2008). What is important here is to comprehend the fact that its origins get recharged whenever there are irregularities within the relevant systems, and when there is a dire need to get the act bully for the restoration of safe and healthy workplace domains. The safe and healthy workplace realms are staunchly built upon the rationale that the employees must receive the maximum benefits.

Help Stop Bullying Essay Example for Free

Help Stop Bullying EssayAn 11 form old Massachusetts boy, Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover, hung himself April 6, 2009 because he was macrocosm taunted daily for being gay. The mother begged the school to address the problem, but nonhing was ever done most it and like a shot a woman is left son less. That was at least the fourth suicide of a middle-school aged child linked to bullying that year. Most curse and bullying go unreported. Children are being bullied each and every day, but the question is what should be done to find out it? Each and every day a child is being teased or picked on because of the way they look, act, dress, or because of what they count in. Children should non remove to be tortured equitable because they are non like everyone else. Children should be able to come to school and enjoy themselves and non worry close to being picked on. A child that is being bullied can have many problems such as low self esteem and low self confidence which could lead them to suicide. Also, children that are bullied may start doing poorly in school or maybe even drop out because they do not feel safe at school. Bullying really needs to be stooped because it can leave a child physically, emotionally, and mentally scarred for the rest of their lives.Some schools say that there is very little that they can do about bullying because a lot of bullying starts off of school property. Much of todays bullying originates online, school officials said, with the growing use of favorable networking websites and cell phones has led to new ways to intimidate and tease. But because cyber bullying usually happens off-campus school administrators have little recourse (Nissley 2010). I do not agree with the school district when they say that there is little they can do.Even though, it may start online, it continues or become worse at the school. With that being said, they need to try and do more so it can stop all to bindher no matter where it starts. The solution that they hypothesise will patron stop bullying is if the educate student about it more. Like Nissley (2010) stated, In a model that has been mirrored by other school districts across the state, Abington high school has been working on educating students as early as kindergarten about bullying and their responsibility to report it when they see it (p. 1).I think that it is good to educate the students about bullying and reporting it, but what is that really going to do? As we all k instantly a lot of students will not tell because they will be too afraid. Or if they do tell they will be little done about it and they will continue to get bullied. So, their solution would not be effective at all. Safe to learn Embedding anti-bullying work in schools is the overarching anti-bullying guidance for schools and was launched in 2007 (teacherNet, 2009, p. 2). It seems that everyone thinks that the solution to stop bullying is just to educate students about it.I think that it is good that they are trying to educate students about the issue, but we all know that it is going to take more than that to stop bullying. It does not matter how much information you provide the students with about bullying, it still is not going to do anything. People have been trying to stop bullying by just telling students it is not the right thing to do for years and nothing has changed. As you see, they tried this solution in 2007 and now in 2010 the aforesaid(prenominal) problem is still going on. You can make students take classes every day about bullying and there will still be children acquiring bullied.Principals and administrators need to punish students by making use of more suspensions and require mandatory parent meetings for those who are bullying others. If the bullying continues, it must be dealt with strongly. And, both(prenominal) the child and parent should be held responsible for it. Until people start taking actions of this nature, bullying will forever be a problem. I think that the and way to stop bullying is to actually make a law against it. In Massachusetts, they have passed a measuring for anti-bullying.I think that is wonderful because now that the law is involved I am sure bullying will be cut down because the kids would not to have to deal with the harsh consequences. The account statement would prohibit bullying at schools and clamp down on so-called cyber bullying by prohibiting the use of e-mails, text messages, internet postings, and other electronic intend to create hostile school environment (Gay Lesbians, 2010, p. 16). I also believe that it is good that they are requiring the school principals to report to the bullying to the police, if they believe criminal charges should be pursued.Maybe now if the students know that they could possibly go to jail they would stop bullying. It is great that somebody has passed a bill and takes this issue seriously because this has been going on for too long and it is date for it to stop. L ately there have been many other cities discussing and making laws about bullying. In New Jersey, they have also passed a bill regarding bullying. A law against bullying in schools which advocates call the nations toughest because it requires schools to develop anti-harassment programs, was approved Monday in New Jersey (Mulvihill, 2010, pg. ). I believe that this is what the schools need in order for bullying to stop. It may take a while for the schools to get all the policies and programs in the public schools, but it will be worth it. This law will hopefully prevent any more suicides from happening due to children being bullied. Maybe it should have been stricter laws a long time ago and a lot of bullying could have been stopped. The state of New Jersey has already passed the law for anti-bullying shows how it will cut down on a lot of bullying.There was already an anti-bullying law in 2002, but it was not required that schools set up anti-bullying programs. The new bill is claim ed to be one of the toughest anti-bullying bill that there is. They are going all out the way to make sure students will not get bullied. They are even making teachers get training to help to bulling. Like Julie Bolcer (2010) stated, The measure would required training for most public school employees on how to spot bulling and mandate that all districts from school recourse teams review complaints, reported The Star Ledger .Superintendent would have to report incidents of buying to the state board of education, which would grade schools and districts on their efforts to combat it (pg. 1). I think that it is to stop bulling because this is a very serious problem. But now that there are such harsh laws against it, I know the rates will go down a lot. Bullying is something that has been around for ages, but no one has ever seemed to find the right solution for it. Many say there is not a lot that can be done to stop bulling because it starts off school property I totally isagree w ith that. While you have others that think that just by telling students about will stop it, which we all know will not. I feel that the only way bulling will ever stop is if they give harsh punishments and let the bullies know that is not a joke. Even though, there have been many attempts to stop bulling, I think that they have finally found a solution which is by making a tough anti-bulling law. If a child wants to bully someone then they should deal with the law and hurt the consequences.

Johannes Kepler Essay Example for Free

Johannes Kepler EssayJohannes Kepler was innate(p) in the midst of an exciting and mistake time for Europe. The continent was entering the Renaissance, a reawakening of thought across the continent. By the time of Keplers birth, the Renaissance had reinvigorated European culture, politics, philosophy, religion, literature, and science. The warrant of the Catholic Church was chall(a)enged for the initial time in centuries by the reformer Martin Luther, who pointed out the wrongs that he felt the Church had committed. Luthers rebellion spurred the Protestant Reformation, in which Luther and his followers freed themselves from the authority of the Church, creating a sweet sect of Christianity. Kepler, a Protestant, often found himself caught in the midst of the resulting tension between Catholicism and Protestantism. Catholics frequently persecuted him.A similar challenge of scientific authority was as well in progress, a radical shift in thought that later became known as the Scientific Revolution. Scientists in all fields were get to question the wisdom of the superannuated philosophers who had molded their disciplines. They gradually began rely on objective facts and observation and to turn a trend from the mysticism, religion, and unfounded theorizing that had previously dominated the field. This drastic change in scientific practices and beliefs was most apparent in the field of astronomy. physical science and astronomy had been dominated by the lay down of Aristotle, a philosopher from the time of ancient Greece, and Ptolemy, an astronomer from the second century A.D. Astronomy was rooted in both philosophy and theology, and it was difficult for scientists to separate their work from that of the mystics or the clergy. through with(predicate) the work of the tetrad fathers of the astronomical revolution, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton, both the practice of astronomy and mans view of the humanity were transformed. Astronomers rejected the Ptolemaic view of the universe that had held court for centuries. They supplanted Ptolemys earth- amount of m one and only(a)yed universe with a new sun-centered system. These moderne thinkers, far ahead of their time, persevered against the mockery, apathy, and anger of their peers. And in the end, through Newtons synthesis of mathematics, physics, and astronomy, they triumphed. The work of these astronomers shook the world. They denied everything that humans had held certain for centuries. The excitement and confusion that these astronomers go forth in their wake in is reflected in John Donnes seventeenth century poem An Anatomy of the World The First Anniversarie. As he wrote, And new Philosophy calls all in doubt. Tis all in pieces, all coherence gone. General SummaryJohannes Kepler was born in Germany in 1571, in the middle of the Scientific Revolution. The weak and sickly child was decrepit by his father Heinrich in early childhood. Because his family moved somewhat so much, it took Kepler twice as long as usual to get through simple school. He eventually graduated, moving on to a theological seminary and then to the University of Tuebingen. At the university, Kepler decided to pursue a graduate degree in theology, notwithstanding he was soon distracted from that goal. A Protestant school in the Austrian town of Gratz offered him a job as a professor of math and astronomy. Although Kepler believed he had no special skills in those subjects, he took the job. Once there, he turned his attention toward deciphering the mysteries of the universe. Kepler was convinced(p) that God had created a universe with some discernible pattern or structure, and he devoted himself to figuring out what it might be.In 1595 Kepler decided that the planets were spaced as they were because the planetary orbits were arranged around geometrical figures the everlasting(a) solids. completed solids are 3-dimensional figures whose sides are all identical, and Kepler was convinced that God had used these forms to build the universe. He elaborated on this view in his first book, the Mysterium Cosmographicum, or the Cosmic Mystery. Keplers theory was chimerical, simply the book was the first major work in co-occurrence of the Copernican system since Copernicuss death cubic decimetre long time before. The book was also significant because Kepler was the first major astronomer in centuries to address physical reality, rather than being content with a virtuous mathematical description of the universe. Kepler could not quite get his entropy to fit his theory he needed a source of more(prenominal) accurate data. He found this in Tycho de Brahe, a wealthy Danish astronomer.Tycho was the best observational astronomer of his age, and Kepler decided that and Tychos observations would do. So Kepler traveled to Prague to work in Tychos lab. Tycho, an arrogant, demanding, and acrid employer, died after only a year. But Kepler worked for seven more long time on the problem he had started on while there constructing the orbit of Mars. Keplers work on Mars led him to disc everywhere his first two planetary impartialitys that the planets travel in elliptical orbits and that they sweep out stir areas of their orbits in equal times. He print his results in 1609 in the Astronomia Nova, or the New Astronomy, revolutionizing astronomy and greatly simplifying the Copernican system. Kepler was considered one of the top astronomers in Europealthough not because of his published work.Few of his peers recognized the importance of his planetary laws, and few even accepted that they were true. It was difficult for his colleagues to recognize him as a scientist of the modern age, when his work remained mired in the mysticism of the past. The years just before and after the Astronomia Nova were a professional triumph for Kepler he was well known and well respected. He spent these years researching lenses, as well as astronomy, adding sever al major contributions to the field of optics. At the same time, his personal living was taking a turn for the worse. In fond succession, Keplers wife and favorite son died, and his patron went insane and abdicated the throne. His new home, Prague, was torn apart by civil war, and his mother was accused of being a witch. Through it all, Kepler move to work toward his greatest goal finding a way to explain the structure of the universe. He had been forced to abandon most of his theory of the perfect solids, and needed something new to replace it. After years of thought, he came up with a new idea the theory of universal harmonies.Kepler decided that the planets were spaced around the harmonic ration of another set of geometrical figures. Once again, he believed he had looked today into the mind of God. Once again, his theory was completely wrong. Butthe pursuit of an incorrect theory led him to a stroke of scientific genius. In 1618, Kepler published the Harmonice Mundi, or the H armony of the World, in which he explained his new harmonic theory. Keplers third law offered a specific mathematical relationship between the distance of a planets orbit from the sun and the time it took a planet to circle the sun. Kepler thought piddling of this law, as did his peers, because it made little sense to him at the time. It was only later, when Sir Isaac Newton created the theory of universal gravitation, that the fundamental importance of this law became clear.Kepler continued to publish grand works. In 1619, he published Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, a summary of the Copernican system, adjusted to accommodate Keplers laws. The Copernican system as we now know it is essentially the one offered in the Epitome. Then, in 1627, Kepler published the Tabulae Rudolphine, or the Rudolphine Tables, a comprehensive list of astronomical observations, predictions, and explanations, all based on Tychos data and Keplers discoveries. Keplers final consequence came a few year s after his death. Though filled with scientific explanations, it is not actually a scientific work instead, it is a science illustration story. Somnium, or Dream, tells the story of a young boys trip to the moon. Much of the story seems to be a thinly veiled autobiography.However, the Somnium was also packed with notes on the scientific ramifications of Keplers discoveries. The accuracy of his prediction of what a lunar journey would be like reveals what remarkable physical intuition he had. Kepler is perhaps the least known of the major figures of the Scientific Revolution. His lack of fame may be due to the fact that he is difficult to classify he seems less modern than the other scientists of the time, and he relies on mysticism and religion. His scientific contributions are themselves harder to simplify than those of Copernicus or Newton. But while he may be less known than his peers, Kepler is no less important. Physics and astronomy had been separated for two thousand year s before Keplers birth. It was an incredible leap for him to put the two together and in doing so, he paved the way for the Newtonian revolution that was to come.Important People, Terms, and EventsPeopleCopernicus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer and clergyman who, in 1543, introduced a new Copernican system of the universe. In Copernicuss system, the planets revolved on a complex system of epicycles, but they all revolve around the sun. This was a revolutionary idea in the one-sixteenth century. Everyone was firmly convinced that the earth was motionless at the center of the universe. To imagine that it moved around the sun seemed ridiculous. It took several decades for the Copernican system to become fully accepted by astronomers and the public. Kepler was the first major astronomer to publicly acknowledge his erect of it. Tycho de Brahe Tycho de Brahe was a Danish nobleman who made a name for himself in the late sixteenth century as Europes best observational astronomer. He kept a closely guarded collection of astronomical observations, the most accurate astronomical data available at the time.Eager to use Tychos figures to develop his own system, Kepler traveled to Prague to work in Tychos lab. In addition to being a brilliant astronomer, Tycho was also an arrogant and temperamental man. Tycho and Kepler had a love-hate relationship they respected one another, but each was also jealous of the others achievements and potential. Several times, Kepler fled the lab, only to return full of apologies. When Tycho died, he expressed a hope that Kepler would use his data to develop the Tychonic system of the universe, in which the planets orbited the sun, which orbited the earth. Instead, Kepler applied Tychos observations to the Copernican system, which led him to discover his first two laws. Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian astronomer who discovered the moons of Jupiter. Galileo was the first major astronomer to use a telescope to observe the heave ns.When these observations yielded findings that the scientific community was reluctant to believe, Kepler lent him public support Galileo later became a symbol of sciences break from religion during the scientific revolution. He was put on trial by the Catholic Church and convicted of heresy for his support of the Copernican system Heinrich Kepler Keplers father, Heinrich, was an itinerant criminal who repeatedly abandoned his family. At one point he owned a tavern, at another, he was some hanged for an alleged crime. One of Keplers younger brothers was forced to run away from home when Heinrich threatened to sell him. Heinrich left for good in 1588 he was not missed. Katherine Kepler Katherine Kepler, Keplers mother, was born Katherine Guldenmann. She was the daughter of an innkeeper and the niece of a woman who had been burned at the stake as a witch. Kepler later described her as a petty, angry, quarrelsome woman.She came patronise into Keplers life in 1615, when her fellow villagers accused her of being a witch. Kepler was quick to come to her defense. After five years of argument and negotiation, Katherine was interrogated under threat of torture. When she continued to deny being a witch, she was finally released. She was driven from her town and died six months later. Michael Maestlin Michael Maestlin was Keplers most influential teacher at the University of Tuebingen. Maestlin was the first to teach Kepler about the Copernican system. In the classroom, Maestlin was a strong supporter of the Copernican system, but on paper, he continued to propound the Ptolemaic system. Kepler turned to Maestlin for help and advice throughout his life, but Maestlin seems to have grown tired of his troublesome student.He often ignored Keplers letters for years at a time. Barbara Muehleck Kepler married Barbara Muehleck in 1597. It was a wedding of convenience, not love. Keplers friends had decided it was time for him to marry and had chosen Barbara as a good mate Kepler acquiesced. They were married for fourteen years and had four children. Barbara died in 1611 of the Hungarian fever. Susanna Pettinger Two years after his first wife died, Kepler married the 24-year-old Susanna Pettinger. They had eleven children together and Kepler had nothing negative to say about her in later life a ringing endorsement considering the way he described most of his family members. Ptolemy Ptolemy, an astronomer from the second century A.D., formulated a system of the universe that lasted for over one thousand years after his death.His system placed the earth at the center of the universe, with the planets and the stars revolving around it. Ptolemy insisted that the planets in his system moved with uniform bank note motion. Because this is not actually how the planets move, he was forced to introduce the following mathematical devices. The deferent is the main circle around which each planet orbits the earth. An epicycle is a smaller circle around which the planet orbits the deferent. Finally, the equant is an imaginary point in the exact center of the planetary orbits. Ptolemys system was so complex that, by the time of Copernicus, it contained someplace between forty and eighty epicycles.TermsAstronomia Nova The Astronomia Nova, or the New Astronomy was Keplers masterpiece. Published in 1609, it was the result of over eight years of work. Kepler spent those years trying to work out the shape of the orbit of Mars. Using Tychos data about the motion of the planets, Kepler was finally able to determine the shape of the orbit more accurately than anyone who had come before him. This resulted in the formation of his first two laws, which were published in the Astronomia Nova. Geocentric A geocentric system is one in which the earth is at the center of the universe. For thousands of years, scientists, philosophers, and theologians believed that the universe was geocentric. They were unwilling to believe Copernicus when he challen ged that assumption. Harmonice Mundi The Harmonice Mundi, or Harmony of the World was the culmination of Keplers life-long study of the structure of the universe. Published in 1618, it described a system in which the spacing between the planets was determined by universal harmonies. The theory was wrong, but the book is nonetheless important, as it attach the first appearance of Keplers third law. Heliocentric A heliocentric system is one in which the sun is at the center of the universe.The system that Copernicus introduced was a heliocentric system. This was not a completely original idea some of the philosophers of ancient Greece had imagined that the universe might be constructed in this way. However, the dominant view had always been that the universe was geocentric, so Copernicuss claims were a shock to the European system. Keplers Three Laws Kepler is best known today for his contribution of the three planetary laws, which were instrumental in Newtons later training of his theory of universal gravitation. They are as follows 1. The planets travel around the sun in elliptical orbits with the sun located at one focus. 2. As the planets travel around their orbits, they sweep out the same amount of area per unit of time, no matter where they are on the orbit.3. The distance a planets orbit is from the sun, cubed, is directly proportional to the time it takes the planet to travel around the orbit, squared. Mathematically, this can be stated as a 3/p 2 = K where a is the distance a planets orbit is from the sun, p is the period, the time it takes for a planet to revolve around the sun once, and K is a constant. Mysterium Cosmographicum Published in 1597, the Mysterium Cosmographicum, or Mysteries of the Cosmos, was Keplers first major work. It described his theory of the perfect solids, which, although he never fully admitted it, was completely wrong. More importantly, the Mysterium was Keplers first step to rejoining physics and astronomy, as he g rasped for physical explanation for the structure of the universe. He was the first astronomer in centuries to do so.It is in the Mysterium that Kepler first proposes that the sun be moved to the exact, physical center of the universe, and that a force from the sun is responsible for moving the planets around their orbits. The Mysterium was also the major work in fifty years to support the Copernican system. Perfect solid A perfect solid a three dimensional figure, such as a cube, whose sides are all identical. There are only five perfect solids the tetrahedron (which has four triangular sides), cube (six square sides), octahedron (eight triangular sides), dodecahedron (twelve pentagonal sides), and icosahedron (twenty triangular sides). Each perfect solid can be graven in and circumscribed around a sphere. In the beginning of his career, Kepler believed that the planetary orbits could all be inscribed in one of the perfect solids.Growing UpJohannes Kepler was born on December 27 , 1571, in the small German town of Weil- der-Stadt. He was born at the tail end of the European Renaissance, an age of intellectual, religious, cultural, and scientific transformation. But Keplers own early childhood showed no such signs of enlightenment. The young Kepler was trapped in his own period of personal depression and darkness. The Kepler family tree had lofty roots his arrogant grandfather Sebaldus Kepler had even served as town mayor. But by the time Kepler came on the scene, the family had fallen into a state of disrepair, filled with rack personalities, hot tempers, invalids, and criminals. Sebaldus and his wife, Katherine Mueller, had twelve children. Heinrich, Keplers father, was the oldest surviving child three others had died in infancy. When he was twenty-four years old, Heinrich married Katherine Guldenmann Johannes was their first child. Katherine had a slightly less benign pedigree than Heinrich. She was an innkeepers daughter whose aunt had been accused of being a witch and had been burned at the stake. Heinrich was a restless husband who abandoned his family often.When Kepler was only three, Heinrich left to fight the Protestant armies in the Netherlands. This was a public embarrassment for the Keplers one of many that Heinrich would cause since the Kepler family itself was solidly Protestant. Heinrich came and left frequently through Keplers youth. At one point, he was accused of a crime and almost hanged. After briefly running a tavern, the itinerant Heinrich abandoned the family for good in 1588. Johannes Kepler had six brothers and sisters, three of whom died in childhood. Of the remaining three, two grew up to be normal, law-abiding citizens. The last one, Heinrich, was an epileptic who was always either sick or in trouble. He eventually ran away from home after Heinrich Sr. threatened to sell him. Historians have an incredibly detailed sketch of Keplers childhood, thanks, in large part, to the scientist himself. At the age of twenty-six, Kepler drafted a horoscope of his entire family.He also spent a fair amount of time analyzing his own personality. Kepler recorded everything, including the time of his conception (May 16, 1571), the length of his mothers pregnancy (224 eld, clubhouse hours, and fifty-three minutes), and his own opinions of each member of his family. The image we are left with is not a pretty one. Grandfather Sebaldus was remarkably arrogantshort tempered and obstinate and nanna Katherine was restless, clever, and lyingan inveterate troublemaker, extreme in her hatred, a bearer of grudges Mother Katherine is described as small, thin, swarthy, gossiping, and quarrelsome. But it is Keplers father who bears the brunt of Keplers familial criticisms. In Keplers autobiographical study, Heinrich appears as a man vicious, inflexible, quarrelsome, and doomed to a bad end.Kepler spares no one in his autobiography, least of all himself. He portrays himself as a sickly child, weak in health a nd personality, always picked on by other children. He describes a miserable childhood filled with illness, injury, and skin disorders. His chronological listing of events from his early days reveals that Kepler was not one to look on the bright side the list is a recital of moments of suffering and weakness. In 1575, Kepler almost died of smallpox in 1585, he suffered from a series of sores, wounds, and skin problems. The litany of complaints breaks for only a few events, including the sighting of a comet in 1577 and, a few years later, a sighting of a lunar eclipse. As these astronomical events marked a few bright moments in a childhood of darkness, astronomy itself would soon illuminate Keplers troubled expectant life.